It is necessary to consolidate the results of poverty alleviation for China, and put the prevention of return to poverty and sustainable targeted support as the top priority in the background of rural revitalization. The sustainable targeted support of vocational education is the core content of education that participation in relative poverty governance in the background of rural revitalization. In the view of sustainable targeted support, exploring the new position of sustainable targeted support of vocational education from four as? pects in the background of rural revitalization, which includes fully realizing rural revitalization, deeply promoting the transformation and upgrading of regional economy, completely stopping the intergenerational transmission of poverty, and sustainable development throughout the life of individuals alleviating poverty. Analyzing the dilemma of sustainable targeted support of vocational education, which includes direct backing to poverty due to education, indirect backing to poverty due to education indirectly, and hidden backing to poverty due to education. Finally, solutions and paths are provided for solving the dilemma from three aspects in the background of rural revitalization: constructing the flexible funding system, improving the employment quality and strengthening the training of general professional ability.