The governance of colleges and departments is the key to the modernization of university governance. Under the principle of coordinating the relationship between the party and the government,the governance of colleges and departments in China has gone through three stages: initial exploration stage,adjustment stage and quality and efficiency stage. At present,the governance of colleges and departments in China is faced with the bottleneck and dilemma of imperfect leadership system,unsound institutional system,unob- structed operation mechanism,unbalance of power and responsibility of governance subjects,“suspension”of the Party organization function and so on. In order to promote the modernization of the governance of colleges and departments,we should avoid the trap of system transplantation scientifically in the process of covering and clarifying,maintaining cultural heritage and keeping innovating,and creatively promote the system transplantation from the principal responsibility system under the leadership of the party committee to the level of colleges and departments. In practice,the necessary paths to accelerate the modernization of the governance of the department is to clarify the division of responsibility system under the leadership of the Party and the government,perfect the party and the govern- ment joint committee system,construct the pattern of“party-government-school”consultation andco-governance,and give full play to the function of the Party organization.