In recent years,the alienation of teacher - student relationship in the stage of postgraduate education is becoming a con- cern in domestic education field. From the perspective of the New Institutionalism,it can be found that the factors affecting the rela- tionship between teachers and students in the process of postgraduate training mainly include“policy statute”as a regulatory factor, “social expectation”as a normative factor,and“survival situation”as a cultural - cognitive factor. Therefore,we can solve the aliena- tion of teacher - student relationship in the stage of postgraduate education by optimizing the management policies concerning graduate students,correcting the value orientation in social expectations,and strengthening the cultural reconstruction in the process of postgrad- uate training.