The professional development of rural teachers is related to the quality of fundamental education in our country. At pres- ent,poor professional self - development awareness,low level of teacher resource,lack of scientific research ability,and teachers’ professional psychological problems are main problems that western rural teacher professional development is faced with. These difficul- ties come from the comprehensive effect of social system and the comprehensive influence of teachers’individual self - consciousness. For these reasons,the concept of balanced development of urban and rural education must be set up,rural education support policy must be reinforced,rural education financial investment must be increased,rural teacher evaluation system must be improved,and bet- ter conditions for rural teachers’professional development must be provided in order to boost their professional development.